Overview of Git/GitHub

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An overview of Git and GitHub, both of which are popular environments among developers and data scientists for performing version control of source code files and projects, as well as collaborating with others. To understand Git and GitHub, it's essential to have a basic understanding of what version control is.


A version control system allows you to keep track of changes to your documents, making it easy to recover older versions if mistakes are made, and facilitating collaboration with others. For example, imagine you have a shopping list that you want your roommates to contribute to and add additional items. Without version control, managing this list could be chaotic. However, with version control, you can keep track of all changes and contributions easily.


Git is free and open-source software distributed under the GNU General Public License. It is a distributed version control system, meaning users worldwide can have a copy of your project on their own computers. They can make changes and then sync their versions to a remote server to share them with you. While Git isn't the only version control system available, its distributed nature is one reason it has become so popular.


Version control systems are commonly used for code, but they can also manage images, documents, and various other file types. Git can be used via the command line interface, but GitHub is one of the most popular web-hosted services for Git repositories. Other services include GitLab, BitBucket, and Beanstalk.


Before getting started with Git, there are some basic terms you should know:


SSH protocol: A method for secure remote login from one computer to another.

Repository: Contains project folders set up for version control.

Fork: A copy of a repository.

Pull request: A way to request that someone reviews and approves your changes before they become final.

Working directory: Contains the files and subdirectories on your computer associated with a Git repository.

Basic Git commands include:


git init: Creates a new repository.

git add: Moves changes from the working directory to the staging area.

git status: Shows the state of your working directory and the staged snapshot of changes.

git commit: Commits staged changes to the project.

git reset: Undoes changes made to files in the working directory.

git log: Browses previous changes to a project.

git branch: Creates an isolated environment within your repository for making changes.

git checkout: Views and changes existing branches.

git merge: Combines changes from different branches.

To learn how to use Git effectively and start collaborating with data scientists globally, you can access GitHub's resources, including cheat sheets and tutorials, at try.github.io. In the following modules, you'll receive a crash course on setting up your local environment and starting a project.






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